The tile-roofed adobe structure was destroyed by an 1803 earthquake but replaced by a third church in 1813. By 1797 the mission had become the largest in California, with a population of more than 1,400 presumably converted Native American " Mission Indians" relocated to and associated with it. Serra organized the rebuilding, and a fire-proof adobe and tile-roofed structure was completed in 1780. In the following year the Kumeyaay indigenous people rebelled against the Spanish, which resulted in the deaths of a priest and two others, and burned the mission. In 1769, Gaspar de Portolà and his expedition founded the Presidio of San Diego (military post) above the village of Cosoy, and on July 16, Franciscan friars Junípero Serra, Juan Viscaino and Fernando Parron raised and 'blessed a cross', establishing the first mission in upper Las Californias, Mission San Diego de Alcala. The Ship! The Ship! California is saved! Serra rejoices at the sight of the San Antonio entering San Diego Bay on March 19, 1770, with desperately needed food and supplies. South of the San Diego river, the Kumeyaay spoke the Tiipai dialect, which was spoken in the villages of Kosa'aay, Choyas, Utay, and Melijo. North of the San Diego river, the Kumeyaay spoke the Ipai dialect, which included the villages of Nipaquay, Jamo, Onap, Ystagua, and Ahmukatlatl. The Kumeyaay, in what is known as San Diego, spoke two different dialects of the Kumeyaay language. Other villages include Nipaquay (Mission Valley), Choyas (Barrio Logan), Utay (Otay Mesa), Jamo (Pacific Beach), Onap (San Clemente Canyon), Ystagua (Sorrento Valley), and Melijo (Tijuana River Valley). The Kumeyaay scattered villages across the region, including the village of Cosoy (Kosa'aay) which was the Kumeyaay village that the future settlement of San Diego would stem from in today's Old Town.
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Yuman groups began migrating from the east and settling the area, who became known as the Kumeyaay. The first inhabitants of the region were the people of the La Jolla complex, also known as the Shell Midden people, who lived in the region between 8000 BCE and 1000 CE. Kumeyaay natives indigenous to San Diego La Jolla Complex (~8000 BCE - 1000CE) Kumeyaay and Colonial Spanish period (Prehistory–1821) Pre-European Contact
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5 War and postwar period (1941–present).4 Emergence of a regional city (1900–1941).2.2 Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835-1846): Decline of San Diego.2.1 First Mexican Empire and First Mexican Republic (1821-1835): Pueblo de San Diego.1.2 Spanish Exploration and Colonial period.1 Kumeyaay and Colonial Spanish period (Prehistory–1821).San Diego is now the eighth largest city in the country and forms the heart of the larger San Diego metropolitan area. Entrepreneurs and boosters laid the basis for an economy based today on the military, defense industries, biotech,tourism, international trade, and manufacturing.
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Growth was especially rapid during and immediately after World War II. It remained a very small town for several decades, but grew rapidly after 1880 due to development and the establishment of multiple military facilities. in 1848, and the town was named the county seat of San Diego County when California was granted statehood in 1850. San Diego officially became part of the U.S. Ī fort and mission were established in 1769, which gradually expanded into a settlement under first Spanish and then Mexican rule. As the first area of California in which Europeans settled, San Diego has been described as "the birthplace of California." Įxplorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo claims to have discovered San Diego Bay in 1542, roughly 200 years before other Europeans settled the area in truth, Native Americans such as the Kumeyaay people had been living in the area for as long as 12,000 years prior to any European presence. The written (as opposed to oral) history of the San Diego, California, region began in the present state of California when Europeans first began inhabiting the San Diego Bay region.